Antibiotics are compounds that either stop or slow down bacterial development. They are administered to combat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are used in the production of poultry to stop the spread of infections among birds. This is done through oral vaccination or via muscle injection.
List of antibiotics used in poultry production
Common antibiotics used in poultry production include the following: Macrolides, Penicillins, Streptogramins, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracycline, and Glycopeptides.
1. Macrolides
Various bacterial infections are managed and treated with a family of medications known as macrolides. Infections including tonsillitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and pharyngitis are frequently treated with azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin.
2. Penicillins
Antibiotics containing penicillin are used to treat pneumonia, meningitis, upper and lower respiratory infections, skin infections, bacterial infections, gastrointestinal infections, and urinary tract infections. They function by eradicating the infection-causing microorganisms.
3. Streptogramins
Similar to macrolides and lincosamides, streptogramins are a class of cyclic peptide antibiotics that prevent the production of bacterial proteins. They are derived from pristinamycin, an organic compound. Quinupristin and dalfopristin subsequently developed compounds, and are employed in a predetermined combination.
4. Fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are approved for the treatment of a number of bacterial illnesses, including bacterial gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, anthrax, bacterial bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, septicemia, and intraabdominal infections.
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5. Glycopeptides
Glycopeptides are non-ribosomal peptides that have been glycosylated and are generated by a wide variety of soil actinomycetes. By attaching to the acyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine (d-Ala-d-Ala) terminus of the expanding peptidoglycan on the outer side of the cytoplasmatic membrane, they adhere to Gram-positive bacteria.
6. Tetracycline
Tetracycline is used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections, as well as some infections of the skin, eyes, lymphatic, intestinal, genital, and urinary systems. It is also used to treat some infections spread by ticks, lice, mites, and animals with the infection.
Use of tetracycline in poultry
The most used antibiotic for the treatment and management of different poultry illnesses is tetracycline. Tetracycline has a very low risk of serious adverse effects and can be used orally. Tetracycline is also among the least expensive antibacterial medicines on the market.
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